Orion's Rainbow of Infrared Light

Nhsc_nhsc2012-003a_1024

nhsc_nhsc2012-003a February 29th, 2012

Credit: ESA/NASA/JPL-Caltech/N. Billot (IRAM)

This new view of the Orion nebula highlights fledgling stars hidden in the gas and clouds. It shows infrared observations taken by NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope and the European Space Agency's Herschel mission, in which NASA plays an important role.

A star forms as a clump of this gas and dust collapses, creating a warm glob of material fed by an encircling disk. These dusty envelopes glow brightest at longer wavelengths, appearing as red dots in this image. In several hundred thousand years, some of the forming stars will accrete enough material to trigger nuclear fusion at their cores and then blaze into stardom.

The nebula is found below the three belt stars in the famous constellation of Orion the Hunter, which appears at night in northern latitudes during fall and then throughout winter. At a distance of around 1,500 light-years away from Earth, the nebula cannot quite be seen with the naked eye. Binoculars or a small telescope, however, are all it takes to get a good look in visible light at this stellar factory.

Spitzer is designed to see shorter infrared wavelengths than Herschel. By combining their observations, astronomers get a more complete picture of star formation. The colors in this image relate to the different wavelengths of light, and to the temperature of material, mostly dust, in this region of Orion. Data from Spitzer show warmer objects in blue, with progressively cooler dust appearing green and red in the Herschel datasets. The more evolved, hotter embryonic stars thus appear in blue.

The combined data traces the interplay of the bright, young stars with the cold and dusty surrounding clouds. A red garland of cool gas also notably runs through the Trapezium, the intensely bright region that is home to four humungous blue-white stars, and up into the rich star field.

Infrared data at wavelengths of 8.0 and 24 microns from Spitzer are rendered in blue. Herschel data with wavelengths of 70 and 160 microns are represented in green and red, respectively.

Provider: Herschel Space Observatory

Image Source: https://www.herschel.caltech.edu/image/nhsc2012-003a

Curator: NASA Herschel Science Center, Pasadena, CA, USA

Image Use Policy: http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/imagepolicy/

Image Details

Image Type
Observation
Object Name
Orion Nebula Messier 42 M42 NGC 1976
Subject - Milky Way
Nebula > Type > Star Formation
Star > Evolutionary Stage > Protostar

Distance

Universescale1
1,450 light years
Nhsc_nhsc2012-003a_128
 

Position Details

Position (ICRS)
RA = 5h 35m 16.5s
DEC = -5° 14’ 29.9”
Orientation
North is 41.0° CW
Field of View
33.8 x 34.7 arcminutes
Constellation
Orion

Color Mapping

  Telescope Spectral Band Wavelength
Blue Spitzer (IRAC) Infrared (Near-IR) 8.0 µm
Blue Spitzer (MIPS) Infrared (Mid-IR) 24.0 µm
Green Herschel (PACS) Infrared (Far-IR) 70.0 µm
Red Herschel (PACS) Infrared (Far-IR) 160.0 µm
Spectrum_ir1
Blue
Blue
Green
Red
Nhsc_nhsc2012-003a_1280
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ID
nhsc2012-003a
Subject Category
B.4.1.2   B.3.1.1  
Subject Name
Orion Nebula, Messier 42, M42, NGC 1976
Credits
ESA/NASA/JPL-Caltech/N. Billot (IRAM)
Release Date
2012-02-29
Lightyears
1,450
Redshift
1,450
Reference Url
https://www.herschel.caltech.edu/image/nhsc2012-003a
Type
Observation
Image Quality
Good
Distance Notes
Facility
Spitzer, Spitzer, Herschel, Herschel
Instrument
IRAC, MIPS, PACS, PACS
Color Assignment
Blue, Blue, Green, Red
Band
Infrared, Infrared, Infrared, Infrared
Bandpass
Near-IR, Mid-IR, Far-IR, Far-IR
Central Wavelength
8000, 24000, 70000, 160000
Start Time
Integration Time
Dataset ID
Notes
Coordinate Frame
ICRS
Equinox
Reference Value
83.8189023, -5.2416455
Reference Dimension
2800.0, 2880.0
Reference Pixel
1401.0, 1441.0
Scale
-0.000200975, 0.00020097464
Rotation
-40.95
Coordinate System Projection:
TAN
Quality
Full
FITS Header
Notes
Creator (Curator)
NASA Herschel Science Center
URL
http://www.herschel.caltech.edu/
Name
Email
Telephone
Address
1200 E. California Blvd.
City
Pasadena
State/Province
CA
Postal Code
91125
Country
USA
Rights
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/imagepolicy/
Publisher
Publisher ID
nhsc
Resource ID
Metadata Date
2018-06-21T00:20:19Z
Metadata Version
1.2
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Detailed color mapping information coming soon...

×
Universescalefull
1,450 light years

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