Herschel's View of the Taurus Molecular Cloud Annotated

Nhsc_nhsc2017-003a_1024

nhsc_nhsc2017-003a September 19th, 2017

Credit: ESA/Herschel/NASA/JPL-Caltech CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO; Acknowledgement: R. Hurt (JPL-Caltech)

This mosaic combines several observations of the Taurus Molecular Cloud performed by ESA's Herschel Space Observatory. Located about 450 light-years from us, in the constellation Taurus, the Bull, this vast complex of interstellar clouds is where a myriad of stars are being born, and is the closest large region of star formation.

Observing the sky at far-infrared and sub-millimetre wavelengths from 2009 to 2013, Herschel could catch the faint glow of dust grains dispersed through these clouds. Astronomers can use this glow to trace the otherwise dark gas where star formation unfolds.

The darker, blue-hued areas throughout the image correspond to colder, less dense portions of the cloud, while the brighter, red-hued regions are the densest environments, where the star-forming activity is most intense.

The densest regions are distributed along an intricate network of filaments, teeming with bright clumps: the seeds of future stars. This is a textbook example of the filamentary structures that were spotted by Herschel nearly everywhere in the Galaxy, demonstrating the key role of filaments in star formation.

Embedded in the bright clump towards the top left of the image is Lynds 1544, a pre-stellar core that will later turn into a star. Here, Herschel detected water vapour the first time this molecule was ever found in a pre-stellar core in an amount that exceeds, by over 2000 times, the water content of Earths oceans.

Herschel observations of the tangled structures in the top right of the image have shown that the material along filaments is not at all static. In fact, the most prominent filaments appear to be drawing matter from their surroundings through a network of lower-density filaments, known as striations, perpendicular to the main filament. In these regions, astronomers found that magnetic fields tend to be perpendicular to the densest, star-forming filaments and parallel to the striations, indicating that they must also play an important role in the processes that lead to stellar birth.

This four-colour image combines Herschel observations at 160 microns (blue), 250 microns (green), 350 microns (split between green and red) and 500 microns (red), and spans 13.8 by 7.3; north is up and east to the left.

Provider: Herschel Space Observatory

Image Source: https://www.herschel.caltech.edu/image/nhsc2017-003a

Curator: NASA Herschel Science Center, Pasadena, CA, USA

Image Use Policy: Public Domain

Image Details Image Details

Image Type
Observation
Object Name
Taurus Molecular Cloud

Distance Details Distance

Universescale1
450 light years
Nhsc_nhsc2017-003a_128
 

Position Details Position Details

Position (ICRS)
RA = 4h 36m 50.9s
DEC = 25° 17’ 24.2”
Orientation
North is 15.9° CW
Field of View
14.2 x 7.3 degrees
Constellation
Taurus

Color Mapping Details Color Mapping

  Telescope Spectral Band Wavelength
Blue Herschel (PACS) Infrared 160.0 µm
Green Herschel (SPIRE) Infrared 250.0 µm
Yellow Herschel (SPIRE) Infrared 350.0 µm
Red Herschel (SPIRE) Infrared 500.0 µm
Spectrum_ir1
Blue
Green
Yellow
Red
Nhsc_nhsc2017-003a_1280
×
ID
nhsc2017-003a
Subject Category
Subject Name
Taurus Molecular Cloud
Credits
ESA/Herschel/NASA/JPL-Caltech CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO; Acknowledgement: R. Hurt (JPL-Caltech)
Release Date
2017-09-19
Lightyears
450
Redshift
450
Reference Url
https://www.herschel.caltech.edu/image/nhsc2017-003a
Type
Observation
Image Quality
Good
Distance Notes
Facility
Herschel, Herschel, Herschel, Herschel
Instrument
PACS, SPIRE, SPIRE, SPIRE
Color Assignment
Blue, Green, Yellow, Red
Band
Infrared, Infrared, Infrared, Infrared
Bandpass
Central Wavelength
160000, 250000, 350000, 500000
Start Time
Integration Time
Dataset ID
Notes
Coordinate Frame
ICRS
Equinox
J2000
Reference Value
69.2120685, 25.2900691
Reference Dimension
12774.0, 6570.0
Reference Pixel
6388.0, 3286.0
Scale
-0.00111147, 0.0011114672
Rotation
-15.93
Coordinate System Projection:
TAN
Quality
Full
FITS Header
Notes
WCS retrieved using CXCs PinpointWCS
Creator (Curator)
NASA Herschel Science Center
URL
http://www.herschel.caltech.edu/
Name
Email
Telephone
Address
1200 E. California Blvd.
City
Pasadena
State/Province
CA
Postal Code
91125
Country
USA
Rights
Public Domain
Publisher
NASA Herschel Science Center
Publisher ID
nhsc
Resource ID
Metadata Date
2024-02-26T23:06:19Z
Metadata Version
1.1
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Detailed color mapping information coming soon...

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Universescalefull
450 light years

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